Part 3. In Space
Date: 2015-10-07; view: 395.
Ñõîäñòâî è ðàçëè÷èÿ ìåæäó ðàñòåíèÿìè è æèâîòíûìè
Ðàñòåíèÿ è æèâîòíûå – ýòî æèâûå îðãàíèçìû. Ó íèõ ìíîãî îáùåãî, íî åñòü è ðàçëè÷èÿ. Ýòî, ïðåæäå âñåãî, ñïîñîá ïèòàíèÿ. Çåë¸íûå ðàñòåíèÿ ñïîñîáíû ñàìè îáðàçîâûâàòü ïèòàòåëüíûå âåùåñòâà, èñïîëüçóÿ ñâåòîâóþ ýíåðãèþ. Æèâîòíûå ïèòàþòñÿ òîëüêî òåìè ïèòàòåëüíûìè âåùåñòâàìè, êîòîðûå ãîòîâû ê ïåðåâàðèâàíèþ. Ðîñò ðàñòåíèé íå îãðàíè÷åí. Îíè ìîãóò ðàñòè â òå÷åíèå âñåé æèçíè. Áîëüøèíñòâî æèâîòíûõ ðàñòóò äî îïðåäåë¸ííîãî âîçðàñòà. Æèâîòíûå ïîäâèæíû, à ðàñòåíèÿ ñïîñîáíû ëèøü ê îãðàíè÷åííûì äâèæåíèÿì ëèñòüåâ è ñòåáëåé.
Study the list of vocabulary and pronounce the words after the teacher:
Vocabulary:
to revolve [tə ri'vɔlv] – âðàùàòü(ñÿ)
circular ['sə:kjulə] – êðóãëûé
elliptical [i'liptik(ə)l] – ýëëèïòè÷åñêèé,
ãàëàêòèêà ýëëèïòè÷åñêîé ôîðìû
to orbit [tə 'ɔ:bit] – âðàùàòüñÿ èëè
äâèãàòüñÿ ïî îðáèòå
solar system ['səulə 'sistim] – ñîëíå÷íàÿ ñèñòåìà
to complete [tə kəm'pli:t] – çàâåðøàòü
to vary [tə 've(ə)ri] – ìåíÿòü(ñÿ), èçìåíÿòü(ñÿ)
inner ['inə] – âíóòðåííèé
outer ['autə] – âíåøíèé, íàðóæíûé
gaseous ['gæsiəs] – ãàçîâûé, ãàçîîáðàçíûé
liquid ['likwid] – æèäêîñòü, æèäêèé
solid ['sɔlid] – òâ¸ðäûé
visualizing ['viჳuəlaiziŋ] – ìûñëåííîå
ïðåäñòàâëåíèå
marble ['ma:b(ə)l] – ñòåêëÿííûé øàðèê
(èç äåòñêîé èãðû)
satellite ['sæt(i)lait] – ñïóòíèê
tail [teil] – õâîñò
to glow [tə gləu] – íàêàëÿòüñÿ äî êðàñíà,
ñâåòèòüñÿ, ñâåðêàòü
friction ['frik∫(ə)n] – òðåíèå
solar wind ['səulə wind] – ñîëíå÷íûé âåòåð
(ïîòîêè ÷àñòèö, âûáðîøåííûõ Ñîëíöåì)
density ['densiti] – ïëîòíîñòü
weight [weit] – âåñ
to rotate [tə rəu'teit] – âðàùàòü(ñÿ)
axis ['æksis] – îñü
comet ['kɔmit] – êîìåòà
to crater [tə 'kreitə] – ïîêðûâàòü âîðîíêàìè
meteorite ['mi:tiərait] – ìåòåîðèò
impact ['impækt] – óäàð, ñòîëêíîâåíèå, âëèÿíèå
crust [krëst] – çåìíàÿ êîðà
to fill [tə fil] – íàïîëíÿòü
basaltic [bæ'sɔ:ltik] – áàçàëüòîâûé
lava ['la:və] – ëàâà
billion ['biljən] – àìåð. ìèëëèàðä
minor ['mainə] – íåçíà÷èòåëüíûé,
âòîðîñòåïåííûé
barren ['bærən] – ïóñòûðü, ïóñòîøü,
àìåð. ïåñ÷àíàÿ ðàâíèíà
asteroid [‚æstə'rɔid] – àñòåðîèä, ìàëàÿ ïëàíåòà
to range [tə reindჳ] – êîëåáàòüñÿ â ïðåäåëàõ
to chart [tə t∫a:t] – íàíîñèòü íà êàðòó,
÷åðòèòü, ïëàíèðîâàòü
to elongate [tə 'i:lɔŋgeit] – ðàñòÿãèâàòü(ñÿ), óäëèíÿòü(ñÿ)
width [widθ] – øèðèíà
remnant ['remnənt] – ñëåä, îñòàòîê
to disintegrate [tə dis'intigreit] – ðàçäðîáëÿòü,
èçìåëü÷àòü, ðàçëàãàòüñÿ
formerly ['fɔ:məli] – ïðåæäå, ðàíüøå, íåêîãäà
meteor ['mi:tiə] – ìåòåîð
grain [grein] – çåðíî
atmosphere ['ætməsfiə] – àòìîñôåðà
to heat [tə hi:t] – íàãðåâàòü(ñÿ)
incandescence [‚inkæn'des(ə)ns] –
áåëûé íàêàë, íàêàëèâàíèå
resistance [ri'zistəns] – ñîïðîòèâëåíèå
universe ['ju:nivə:s] – âñåëåííàÿ
cavity ['kæviti] – âïàäèíà, óãëóáëåíèå
to land – ïðèçåìëèòüñÿ, ñäåëàòü ïîñàäêó
ladder – ëåñòíèöà
tide [taid] – ïðèëèâ èëè îòëèâ
flammable ['flæməb(ə)l] – âîñïëàìåíÿåìûé, îãíåîïàñíûé
neighbour ['neibə] – ñîñåä
force [fɔ:s] – ñèëà
imaginary [i'mædჳin(ə)ri] – âîîáðàæàåìûé, íåðåàëüíûé
Exercise 1. According to the following meanings find the words in the lists of vocabulary given above:
1. a last part of an animal or an object
2. a sandy plain
3. imaginary line round which a body can rotate or be symmetrical
4. resistance met by a body moving over another
5. any of the small planets that orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter
6. light flammable gaseous element which combines with oxygen to form water
Exercise 2. Match the words on the left with their definitions on the right:
A. Nouns:
1. earth a. force that attracts objects to the earth
2. moon b. rise and fall of the sea caused by the gravitation of the sun and moon
3. tide c. natural satellite of the earth
4. neighbour d. of the same height as something else
5. gravity e. planet that we live on
6. level f. one object which is situated near another
B. Adjectives:
1. circular a. substance in a physical state which can change shape but not size
2. inner b. air-like substance which is not liquid or solid
3. minor c. round
4. liquid d. changing from a liquid to a solid state
5. gaseous e. happening or located within or inside
6. frozen f. being of no the first importance
C. Verbs:
1. to revolve a. to make or become longer
2. to complete b. to break up into fragments
3. to vary c. to change, cause differences in
4. to crater d. to turn round, to rotate
5. to elongate e. to cover by bowl-shaped cavities made by the impact of meteorites
6. to disintegrate f. to finish, make whole or perfect
Exercise 3. Discuss vocabulary of the previous exercises using the following models:
Model 1:
A.– Michael, tell me please does the word earth meanthe planet that we live on?
- – Yes, it does. Its meaning is the planet that we live on.
A.– So I haven't made a mistake in my translation.
B.– No, you haven't. Good for you.
Model 2:
- – Michael, tell me please what does the word asteroid mean?
B. – Sorry will you repeat it again? Which word?
- – Asteroid.
- – I suppose it is any of the small planets that orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter.
A. – I'm very much obliged to you, Michael.
B. – No, problem. Ask any time you need.
Exercise 4. Listen to the text “The Moon Our Nearest Neighbour” twice and decide true or false are the following statements:
Statements:
- The moon is as far from the earth as the sun.
- The moon and the sun are of the same size.
- Gravity on the earth is six times stronger than on the moon.
- The air on the moon doesn't contain oxygen.
- There is no life on the moon.
- The tides are the changes in the level of the sea.
Exercise 5. Listen to the text “On the Moon” twice and complete the sentences:
- It's coming …
- Slowly the ship …
- Neal Armstrong …
- He is getting …
- He is going down, …
- And he is pulling …
Exercise 6. Practice the reading of the following words and expressions and translate them into Russian:
around the sun; unit of time called a year; the most distant planet; gaseous, liquid, or frozen hydrogen; an average-sized star; a small grain of sand; elliptical orbits; from friction with the solar wind; cratered by meteorite impact; original crust; irregularly shaped objects; remnants of a disintegrated planet; the earth's atmosphere
Exercise 7. Read the following texts and match them with the titles below:
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